Thckeyers sune tsarin kasusuwa da kuma tushe na tsarin kwaskwarima daban-daban, kuma yana da mahimmanci ga bayyanar, kaddarorin rhuherial, kwanciyar hankali, da fatar fata. Zaɓi da aka yi amfani da shi da yawa da kuma dabaru daban-daban na ƙararrawa, shirya su cikin mafita na yau da kullun tare da danko da ph, da kuma jinsi da yawa, da kuma jin daɗin fata yayin amfani. An aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje na ruhi a kan alamu, kuma an bincika wallafe-wallafen da taƙaita da taƙaitattun ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri, wanda zai iya samar da wasu maganganu daban-daban.
1. Bayanin Thicker
Akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda za a iya amfani dasu azaman gogewa. Daga hangen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta na zamantakewar kwayoyin, akwai ƙararren maƙarƙashiya da kuma manyan kwayoyin cuta; Daga hangen kungiyoyi masu aiki, akwai ciyawar, giya, a kai, mayeboxylic acids da maza, da sauransu suna jira. Ana rarrabe thickeners bisa ga tsarin rarrabuwa na kayan kwaskwarima.
1. Low kwayoyin nauyi mai kauri
1.1.1 salts na ado
Tsarin da ke amfani da gishirin Inorganic a matsayin mai kauri yana da babban tsarin mafita mai ruwa. Mafi yawan amfani da gishirin da aka fi amfani da shi shine sodium chloride, wanda ke da sakamako a bayyane. Surfactants siffofin micellles a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ana ƙara yawan adadin miceles, yana haifar da canjin motsi, don haka ƙara ƙwayar tsarin. Koyaya, lokacin da waƙoƙin ya wuce kima, zai shafi tsarin micellar, zai rage ƙarfin motsi, da kuma rage danko na tsarin, wanda shine ake kira "saltting". Saboda haka, yawan okelrolytette ya ƙara gabaɗaya 1% -2% ta taro, kuma yana aiki tare da wasu nau'ikan thickeners don sanya tsarin ya tabbata.
1.1.2 kututtura mai kitse, acid mai kitse
Kawasan kitse da mai acid masu kitse sune abubuwan Polar kwayoyin halitta. Wasu labaran suna ɗaukar su azaman sarakunan da ba su yi ba saboda suna da ƙungiyoyin ƙauna da ƙungiyoyin hydrophili. Kasancewar karamin adadin irin wannan halittar na yana da tasiri mai tasiri a kan tashin hankali na farfajiya, kuma girman tasirin yana ƙaruwa tare da tsawon carbon sarkar, gabaɗaya cikin dangantakar sarkar. Ka'idar aikinta ita ce cewa giya mai kitse da mai suna iya saka alama (haɗa) Mikallahi don inganta samuwar micelles. Tasirin sadarwar hydrogen tsakanin shugabannin polar) yana sa kwayoyin biyu da aka tsara sosai a farfajiya, waɗanda suka canza kaddarorin da ke tattare da tiyata.
2. Classanti na Thickeners
2.1 da ba ta da sionic
2.1.1 salts na ado
Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodidium hydrate, sodidium sallafate, sodidium sallafate, sodidium sarefate, sodidium sareflimphate, da sauransu.;
2.1.2 mai kutsawa da kitse mai kitse
Layyl barasa, Myristy Al Barasa, C12-15 barasa, casai acid, ciyawar giya, ciyawar giya, masarautar giya, searic acid, da sauransu.;
2.1.3 Alkannamames
Cookan cirushallon, CocoisopanOleLamide, Cocamide, Linohannel-Monohannamaride, Cardamom Bilatistel-Matihannamide, Cardamom Mataimana, Cardamomamamillide, Cardamomamai, Palmannamamamilide, Castor Oil Moonohaminide, Sesame Mataihanidar, Soybean Cinohannamamadderide, Staryl MonoShamamide, StaryLude, Tallow Monoethonide, StaryLude, GlohanoLamide, StaryLude, Glycolakelamide, Starylah Mono Soloholam) -3 Luramaride, Peg-4 oleamide, peg-50 tallow amint, da sauransu.;
2.1.4 Ethers
Cetyl polyoxyethylene (3) ether, isocetyl polyoxyethylene (10) ether, lauryl polyoxyethylene (3) ether, lauryl polyoxyethylene (10) ether, Poloxamer-n (ethoxylated Polyoxypropylene ether) (n=105, 124, 185, 237, 238, 338, 407), da sauransu.;
2.1.5 essters
Peg-80 Glycowl Tallow Ester, Pec-8, Glycol) -3 Diisosteatea, Peg-N (n = 3, 4, 150) Rarraba, Peg-180) Rarraba, Peg-180) Rarraba Glyceryl Oleate / Cocoat, Peg-8 Dioleate, Peg-4 glyceryl man dioleate, Peg-2 Luuryl glucose, Peg-15 Pentaerythritol Stea, Peg-55 Propylene Glycol Oleate, Peg-160 Sorbyl / SMDI copolmer (SMDI copolmer (SMDI copolmer (SMDI copolmer (SMDI Copolmer), Peg-150 / Staryl / SMDI Copolmer, peg- 90. Isosteateate, Peng-8ppg-3 Dilylene Glycol Acid, C18-36 Ethylene Glycol Acid, C18-36 Ethylene Glycol Acid, Pentaeryl Eltholy Steateate, Pentaeryl Eltholy Steaate, Pentaeryl Eltholy Steaate, Pentaeryl Ester, C18-3LYL ESTER, CTECERSL Gliyen, glyceryl trihydroxxate, da sauransu.;
2.1.6 Amine Orodes
Myristyl amine oxide, isostearyl aminopropyl amine oxide, coconut oil aminopropyl amine oxide, wheat germ aminopropyl amine oxide, soybean aminopropyl amine oxide, PEG-3 lauryl amine oxide, etc.;
2.2 Amphoteric Surfactants
CRETEL Betoine, Coco Aminosulfobteine, da sauransu.;
2.3 anionic surfactants 2.3
Potassium oleate, potassium steaate, da sauransu.;
2.4 ruwa mai narkewa
2.4.1
Celullulose, sile gum, celboxymethyl hydroxypyethlyl sel, caletroxypyproosethyl pelluluose, hymazan tushe sel, pehxymethose cellulose, da sauransu.;
2.4.2 Polyoxyethylene
Peg-n (n = 5m, 9m, 23 10m, 40m, 90m, 160m), da sauransu.;
2.4.3 acid
Acrylate / c100 alkyl crospoxerer, acryyl ethoxy (20) istate choolymer, acryles / crording copoxy (20) methyl antryer Itacate Cockolymer, acryles / Oktlecanecane Acid) da gishirin sa, da sauransu.;
2.4.4 Roba na zahiri da samfuran sa
Albinic acid da shi (ammonium, alli, potassium) silts, pectin, sodicypropyl guar gum, schan gum, sclerotin dank'u, da sauransu.;
2.4.5 polymers masu kamuwa da samfuran da suka dace
Magnesiu aluminum aluminum, sodium magnesium, montmornyl Hertorite, sodemternyl Hertorite, sodium amonfinite -18 montmorillonite, quainteryary ammonium -18 hertorite, da sauransu.;
2.4.6
PV'M / MAL DEPDER Crlymer Cross (Crostyled Polyvinyl ethyl ethyl ethylate da yanke hukunci), PVAP (PLYVINYLYROLODON), da sauransu.;
2.5 Surfactants
2.5.1 Alkalolamelides
Mafi yawanci ana amfani da shi shine kwakwa na cocomilamaride. Alkanolfamides sun dace da waƙoƙi don thickening da kuma bayar da mafi kyawun sakamako. Hanyar da aka yiwa Thickening na Alkanhoamides shine hulɗa tare da surfactant Surfactant micelles don samar da ruwayen da ba Newtian ba. Alfanoulides daban-daban suna da manyan bambance-bambance cikin aiki, kuma sakamakon su ma sun saba da amfani da su kadai ko a hade. Wasu labaran suna ba da rahoton thickening da kumfa na alkanolamed daban daban. Kwanan nan, an ruwaito cewa AlkaneroLamides suna da yiwuwar hadarin carcinogenic lokacin da aka sanya su cikin kayan kwaskwarima. Daga cikin ƙazamar alkannabbi na alkanolamides kyauta ne na kyauta, waɗanda suke da tabbatattun hanyoyin nitrosamines. A halin yanzu babu wani ra'ayin jami'in daga masana'antar kulawa da mutum a kan ko hana Alkanamarai a cikin kayan kwalliya.
2.5.2 Etyers
A cikin tsari tare da mai shan giya polyoxyethylene Eter sodium sulfate (AES) a matsayin babban abu mai aiki, gaba daya ana iya amfani da sinadarin ado don daidaita yanayin da ya dace. Nazari ya nuna cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar barasa mai kitaffi mai ba da gudummawa a cikin AES, wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga lokacin da aka yi maganin surfactant. Binciken cikin zurfin bincike ya gano cewa: Matsakaicin matakin ethoxyalla shine kusan 3Eo ko 10EO don kunna mafi kyawun rawar. Bugu da kari, da thickening tasirin giya mai kyau ethoxylate yana da abubuwa da yawa da za a yi tare da rarraba fa'ids da ba a haɗa su da ba a haɗa su ba. Lokacin da rarraba homologs ya fadi, thickening tasirin samfurin matalauci ne, kuma kundayancin rarraba 'yan uwa, mafi girma tasirin twickning sakamako.
2.5.3 Esters
Mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da su. Kwanan nan, PEG-8PG-3 diisostaerate, Peg-90 Diisostaerare da Peg-80 an ba da rahoton kasashen waje na waje. Irin wannan zafin rana nasa ne ga rashin Thiperner na ionic, galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin mafita. Wadannan alamu ba a sauƙaƙa hydrolyzed kuma suna da kyan gani a kan kewayon da yawa na PH da zazzabi. A halin yanzu mafi yawan amfani shi ne peg-150 diski. Esters da aka yi amfani da su azaman ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya suna da manyan nauyin kwayoyin, saboda haka suna da wasu kaddarorin ƙwayoyin polymer. Hanyar Thickening ta zama ne saboda kirkirar Hydrational Hydrational uku ne a cikin lokaci mai ruwa mai ruwa, don haka hade da surfactant miceles. Irin waɗannan mahaɗan suna aiki a matsayin emollients da moisturi har zuwa amfanin su azaman thickeners a cikin kayan kwalliya.
2.5.4 Amine Oxdies
Amine oxide wata alama ce ta Polar ba ta da kyau, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar: a cikin mafita mafita, saboda haka yana nuna kaddarorin pHionic, kuma zai iya nuna kaddarorin da ba ionic. A karkashin yanayin tsaka tsaki ko yanayin alkaline, lokacin da ph ya fi girma ko daidai yake da hydrate na 7, amine ohicity. A cikin maganin acidic, yana nuna rauni cashicity. A lokacin da PL na mafita kasa da 3, cayin amine oxide musamman bayyane tare da hadinanci, anionic da naka da zwacterosic nutsuwa a karkashin yanayi daban-daban. Kyakkyawan jituwa kuma yana nuna sakamako na Synergistic. Amine oxide abu ne mai tasiri. Lokacin da PH shine 6.4-7.5, alkketl dimemyl amine oxide na iya yin voloprode har zuwa 35pa.s-189pa.s, kuma ƙara gishiri a ƙarshen ba zai rage danko ba.
2.5.5 Wasu
Hakanan ana iya amfani da suxines da soaps azaman maƙaryaci. Hanyar da aka yi wa kwararar kayan da suke yi kama da na wasu ƙananan kwayoyin, kuma duk sun cimma sakamako mai kauri ta hanyar hulɗa tare da Mikeles mai aiki. Za'a iya amfani da soaps don thickening a cikin sandar kwaskwarima, da kuma sainee ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin ruwa.
2.6 ruwa mai narkewa mai narkewa
Tsarin da aka yiwuwar dabarun da aka yiwuwar polymeric da yawa ba ta shafa ta PH na mafita ba ko kuma maida hankali ga wutan lantarki. Bugu da kari, da polymer Thickers suna buƙatar ƙarancin adadin don cimma danko da ake buƙata. Misali, samfurin yana buƙatar thickactant mai narkewa kamar kwakwa mai cin abincin mai tare da taro na 3.0%. Don cimma sakamako iri ɗaya, kawai fiber 0.5% na polymer bayyananne. Yawancin wuraren zubar da ruwa mai narkewa ba ana amfani dasu azaman masu kwaskwarima a cikin masana'antar kwaskwarima ba, har ma ana amfani dasu azaman wakilan dakatarwa, watsawa da wakilai masuta.
2.6.1 Celulluose
Cellulose ne mai matukar tasiri thickner a cikin tsarin tushen ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a fannoni daban daban. Brelulose halitta ne na halitta, wanda ya ƙunshi maimaita raka'a na Glucoside, kuma kowane ɓangaren Glucoside ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 3 na hydroxyl, ta hanyar da za a iya kafa abubuwa guda uku. Pelwa Thickenic Thickeners Thicken ta hanyar hydren-kumburi mai tsawo, da tsarin sel mai kauri na bayyana bayyananniyar ilimin halittar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata. Janar m taro na amfani da 1%.
2.6.2 acid Polycrylic acid
Akwai hanyoyin da aka yi wa poliki biyu na polyackyic acid thickkeers, wato tsattsarwa da thickening da hydrogen bond thickening. Rashin daidaitawa da tsinkaye shine a hana polyackyican polyack acid don ionize da kwayoyin da ke haifar da mummunan caji tare da babban sarkar polymer. Matsakaici tsakanin tuhumar jima'i ɗaya yana inganta kwayoyin halitta don daidaita kuma a buɗe don samar da hanyar sadarwa. Tsarin ya cimma sakamako mai kauri; Hydrogen Biding Thickening shi ne cewa Polyackrylic acid Thickenter an fara haɗuwa da ruwa mai ba da izini na 10% -20%) Surfacts na Hydroxyl) sakamako. Dabi'un daban-daban na PH, masu rikitarwa daban-daban da kuma kasancewar sluble salts suna da babban tasiri a kan danko na tsarin Thickening. Lokacin da darajar PH ta kasa da 5, danko yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwar darajar PH; Lokacin da darajar PH ta 5-10, da danko kusan canzawa; Amma kamar yadda darajar PH ta ci gaba, ingancin karfin gwiwa zai sake komawa. Oin Monovalent kawai kawai rage ingancin tsarin, yayin da aka sallame ko wayewa ko taushi ba zai iya bakin ciki kawai ba lokacin da abin ya isa.
2.6.3 Roba na Dalili da Kayayyakin sa
Gum na halitta yafi haɗa da Cologen da Polysaccharides, amma gum na halitta da aka yi amfani dashi azaman Thickener galibi shine polysaccharides. Hanyar da aka yiwa Thickening ita ce samar da tsarin hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku ta hanyar hulɗa na rukunin polysaccharide tare da kwayoyin ruwa, don cimma sakamako mai tasowar ruwa. Fim na ƙwararrun hanyoyin mafita sune mafi yawan ƙwayoyin ruwa ba Newtian ba, amma abubuwan da aka tsara na wasu kayan kwalliyar ƙwararrun mafita suna kusa da ruwayen Newtian. Tasirin zakaryinsu yana da alaƙa da ƙimar PH, zazzabi, taro da sauran solutes na tsarin. Wannan ingantaccen tsani ne, kuma janar na janar shine 0.1% -1.0%.
2.6.4 polymers na polymers da samfuran da suka canzawa
Inorganic Polymer Thickeners gaba ɗaya suna da tsarin Layer mai layer ko kuma shimfidar lettice. Nau'in da suka fi yawancin kasuwancin kasuwanci shine Montmorillonite da Hortoit. Hanyar Thickening shine cewa lokacin da aka watsa polymer na masarufi a cikin ta, kamar yadda hydral lu'ulu'u ne ya rabu da lu'ulu'u Lamelllar lu'ulu'u. da kuma ion karfe a cikin dakatarwar m A wannan yanayin, lamellae suna da mummunan cajin ƙasa da kuma karamin adadin caji a kusurwoyinsu saboda lattice rabuwa. A cikin mafita mafi kyau, cajin caji a farfajiya sun fi caji mai kyau a kan sasanninta, da kuma barbashi suna dauke da juna, don haka babu tasirin juna. Tare da Bugu da kari na witfullolyte, maida hankali da ions yana ƙaruwa da cajin lamellae rage. A wannan lokacin, babban hulɗa da canje-canje daga mahaɗan da ba a kira shi ba "innrespace" wanda aka haɗa shi da cewa "carton-perfuls" yana haifar da kumburi da thickening. Ƙarin ƙaruwa a ion taro zai lalata tsarin
Lokacin Post: Feb-14-2225